Diabetes mellitus is a blow to the 21st century.This endocrine disease of the pancreas leads to damage to all organs.The kidney, the eyes, the heart and the blood vessels are the most suffering.Types of diabetes - insulin -dependent and insulin.The first species are more likely to suffer from children and young people under the age of 30, and are transmitted with inheritance with genes.In this case, the desired standard of living cannot be achieved without constant introduction of insulins.The insulin pump is best cope with this task.Type 2 diabetes in middle and old people with increased body weight.
In this article we examine the differences between type 1 and 2 diabetes.
Characteristics of type 1 diabetes
The main mechanism of the disease is the lack of insulin.This is the peptide hormone of the pancreas produced by special beta cells of the Langerganes islands.Its main function is to ensure that glucose enters the cell.Glucose is the main energy material, without life impossible.In the first type of diabetes, the sugar circulates in the blood but is unable to enter the cell.Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease is simple, based on the determination of glucose in the blood.You can make a proper diagnosis by increasing your level.Because patients need to be treated continuously, this diabetes is called insulin -dependent.
The causes of cell destruction, which produce insulin, are not tested too well.The most common autoimmune lesion mechanism is located when their own immune cells attack the pancreas.All cells are destroyed throughout life.The only method of treatment is substitution treatment with insulins.
Types of diabetes are easily distinguished.
Type 1 disease is inherited.So he begins to manifest itself early.The vast majority of patients are detected for 30 years.The disease suddenly debuts and severe symptoms develop in a short period of time.Cases are not uncommon if the first type of diabetes is manifested in a coma.
Other typical symptoms are as follows:
- unbearable thirst;
- Increased appetite;
- dry mouth;
- increased urination, including night;
- pronounced weight loss;
- skin itching;
- pronounced weakness;
- sweating;
- Vision vision.
Characteristics of type 2 diabetes
This occurs in the body with a constantly high glucose.The vast majority of cases develop in obese patients.The mechanism of the disease is different, the cells of the body either do not detect glucose or do not detect insulin.This is due to a violation of metabolism during obesity.
For a long time the disease does not appear.After that, patients have symptoms -long -length non -healing wounds and cuts, dry mouth, visual impairment, long -flowing thrush.
Type 2 diabetes is dangerous with severe complications:
- Visual violations to blindness;
- reduction of kidney function;
- development of trophy ulcers;
- Damage of myocardium;
- Frequent and protracted infections.
The spectrum of the target organism is wide because excess glucose affects the blood vessels.That is, all organs and tissues are affected to varying degrees.
Diagnosis of the disease is common for diabetes 1 and 2.
We examined the differences between type 1 and 2 diabetes.What do these diseases have in common?
Despite the types of diabetes, the diagnosis is the same.The main test in the blood is to determine glucose.Usually this indicator does not exceed 5.5 mmol/l.Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed when glucose levels exceed 6.1 mmol/l.Intermediate results are not considered as a disease.Sugar sometimes increases with colds, injuries, stressful situations, and the patient is not tested by test rules, taking some medication.In such cases, it is worth repeating the analysis after a few weeks.
In addition to determining blood glucose levels, other diagnostic methods are used:
- Determination of glyced hemoglobin;
- determination of glucose and acetone in urine;
- Determination of C-peptide.
In the circumstances of scientific centers, to distinguish the types of diabetes, it is used to identify genes responsible for the development of hereditary diabetes in contradictory cases.
Differences between type 1 and 2 diabetes
The beginning of diabetes
Types of diabetes differ from the onset of the disease.Her from hereditary diabetes suddenly develops, in young and thin people, which requires high emergency help.
Type 2 diabetes develops slowly and does not require urgent intervention in older people with excessive body.
Insulin reception
Treatment of type 1 and 2 diabetes should be treated.The difference between their treatment is huge.
The treatment of the insulin -dependent type is mandatory.How long does the patient live without complications and lives in properly selected insulin therapy.Patients need to study in special schools of diabetes to study the disease and learn full lives.
The approach to the therapy of the acquired diabetes is completely different.Only for longer, heavy type 2 diabetes, after using the entire arsenal of the tablet, diabetics require insulins.
In the modern world, diabetes are not condemned, patients live in old age and can give birth to children.The spectrum of the professions, which can be mastered by diabetics, is very wide.
The first identified diabetes of type 1 diabetes are hospitalized for the selection of insulin doses.After discharge, diabetes itself controls your diet, the levels of injections of glycemia and insulin.You should not be limited to food.The dose of the drug should comply with the amount of glucose of the food.There are bread units that can measure it.This is a measurement of sugar content in different types of foods.In line with the number of bread units, the patient should inject the equivalent dose of insulin to avoid coma.
Life
The first type of second type of diabetes is the main focus of proper nutrition.The patient is forbidden to eat sweet, flour, sweet fruit, juice, and some cereals.If the blood sugar level is not achieved by changing the nutrition, the sugar strengthening drugs are prescribed.
Identification of congenital diabetes involves a cardinal change in the lifestyle.The patient is now associated with the vital dose of insulin.Denial of treatment means death.
Prevention
In addition to treatment, the difference between the two types of diabetes is the possibility of prevention.It is impossible to prevent first type of diabetes.But type 2 diabetes is not only possible but also necessary.Obesity, lack of motor activity, sweet abuse leads to the disease.